When it comes to back care, size really doesn’t matter. In African safari elephants, does carrying a rider – or multiple riders – impact on musculoskeletal integrity?

Investigation of the effect of weight bearing on joint and limb segment angles in fore and hind limbs of the ridden elephant.
The presence of rider(s) influences MS angles and ROM in the limb segments and joints of elephants
The use of a saddle may modify the potential for musculoskeletal compromise.